Eames Plastic Armchair DAX
'Getting the most of the best to the greatest number of people for the least': with these words, Charles and Ray Eames described one of their main goals as furniture designers. None of their other designs come as close to achieving this ideal as the Plastic Chairs. For years, the designer couple explored the fundamental idea of a one-piece seat shell moulded to fit the contours of the human body. After experiments with plywood and sheet aluminium in the 1940s produce unsatisfactory results, their search for alternative materials led them to glass-fibre reinforced polyester resin.
The Eameses recognised and fully exploited the advantages of the material: mouldability, rigidity, pleasant tactile qualities, suitability for industrial manufacturing methods. With this material, which was previously unknown in the furniture industry, they successfully developed the shell designs for serial production. After their debut at the 'Low-Cost Furniture Design' competition organised by the Museum of Modern Art in 1948, the Plastic Armchair (A-shell) and Plastic Side Chair (S-shell) were launched on the market in 1950 as the very first mass-produced plastic chairs in the history of furniture.
The Eames Plastic Chairs also introduced a new furniture typology that has since become widespread: the multifunctional chair whose shell can be combined with a variety of different bases to serve diverse purposes. As early as 1950, Charles and Ray Eames presented a series of bases that enabled various sitting positions. An especially striking model is the so-called Eiffel Tower base – an intricate and graceful design made of steel wire that inimitably combines light, elegant forms with structural strength.
Today Vitra manufactures the comfortable seat shells of the Plastic Side Chairs and Plastic Armchairs in polypropylene, offering a multitude of bases, shell colours and upholstery options. This allows customers to specify countless different combinations and to use the chairs in the widest range of settings – from dining rooms, living rooms and home offices to office workspaces and conference rooms; from restaurants and cafés to break rooms and cafeterias; from waiting areas and auditoriums to terraces and gardens.
About Designer | |
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Charles & Ray Eames |
Charles Eames, born 1907 in St. Louis, Missouri,
studied architecture at Washington University in St. Louis and designed a
number of houses and churches in collaboration with various partners. His work
caught the attention of Eliel Saarinen, who offered him a fellowship at the
Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan in 1938. In 1940, he and Eero Saarinen won first prize in the 'Industrial Design Competition
for the 21 American Republics' - also known as 'Organic Design in Home
Furnishings' – organised by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. Eames
was appointed head of the industrial design department at Cranbrook the same
year. Ray Eames was born as Bernice Alexandra Kaiser in
Sacramento, California, in 1912. She attended Bennett College in Millbrook, New
York, and continued her studies in painting at the Hans Hofmann School of Fine
Arts until 1937. During this year she exhibited her work in the first
exhibition of the American Abstract Artists group at the Riverside Museum in
New York. She matriculated at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1940. Charles and Ray Eames married in 1941 and moved to Los
Angeles, where together they began experimenting with techniques for the
three-dimensional moulding of plywood. The aim was to create comfortable chairs
that were affordable. However, the war interrupted their work, and Charles and
Ray turned instead to the design and development of leg splints made of
plywood, which were manufactured in large quantities for the US Navy. In 1946,
they exhibited their experimental furniture designs at MoMA. The Herman Miller
Company in Zeeland, Michigan, subsequently began to produce Eames furniture.
Charles and Ray participated in the 1948 'Low-Cost Furniture' competition at
MoMA, and they built the Eames House in 1949 as their own private residence. In
addition to their work in furniture design and architecture, they also regularly
turned their hand to graphic design, photography, film and exhibition design.
In 1957 Vitra signed a licence agreement with Herman
Miller and began producing the Eameses' designs for Europe and the Middle East.
Charles and Ray Eames have had a profound and lasting influence on Vitra. It
was the encounter with their work that spurred the company's beginnings as a
furniture manufacturer. Yet it is not just the products of Charles and Ray
Eames that have left a mark on Vitra. Even today, their design philosophy
continues to significantly shape the company's values, orientation and goals.
This seminal influence is most clearly reflected in
the question that is always asked at Vitra when making important design
decisions: What would Charles and Ray say? Over the course of their shared
lifetime, the couple gave their answers during trips to Europe and return
visits to California. Since the death of Charles (1978) and Ray (1988), Vitra
has remained in close contact with the Eames family, which now runs the Eames
Office, regarding all matters concerning the preservation, further development
and production of Eames designs. Vitra is the sole authorised manufacturer of
Eames products for Europe and the Middle East. When you own an Eames product
made by Vitra, you know it is an original. |